Don’t get me started on fast food restaurants Free Essays

How could I start? Fast Food restaurants: Your one way train to all the marvellous maladies such as cancer, obesity and diabetes. Upon entering the restaurant, you are greeted by a so-called â€Å"happy, kind, caring† waiter who afterwards, decides to escape before you have a chance to place your order. After spending what seems like an eternity waiting for him, you are now free to await your meal for an equally lengthy and agitating period of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Don’t get me started on fast food restaurants or any similar topic only for you Order Now Don’t like the useless waiters- well the only other alternative is the exhausting queue. Enjoy! So, perhaps I should start with the staff: the group of people who make it all happen. Is it in the job description to be temperamental and uncooperative? I often suspect this to be the case. Moreover, that you must answer a phone call when the queue is at its longest during the rush hour when everyone is already late. Recently, I was made late for school due to the fact that the sloth â€Å"working†-behind the counter- decided to answer a phone call which lasted only fifteen minutes before attending to any of us : I left without my donuts and late. I was infuriated! It is fine for them-they are already at work; on the other hand the rest of us are late and annoyed. Due to this, I get extremely frustrated when the item you decide to buy shows up with a different value at the cashier than at the menu so they haggle to get you to pay the higher value which wastes even more time : All that for an extra 60p or so. How pathetic! Having battled your way through the queue, or waited ages for the waiter to take your order and get your food: You are now expected to sit down and enjoy your meal. I don’t think. The next challenge you have to face is with everyone else in the restaurant: the â€Å"General public†. Why people choose restaurants to play loud, exasperating, annoying music to infuriate the dead and pop their own ear drums is beyond me. More than that, I wonder why people view restaurants as an ideal location to make the most pointless phone calls I have ever heard in my life. I will never know. However the â€Å"general public†, never seem to reach the high standards of infuriation that the young people aim to set. They are the members of this generation who seem to set it a target to annoy others! They’re the ones who scare the elderly and think that an ASBO (Anti social behaviour order) is a good thing to go down your CV. The â€Å"Chavs†. Restaurants seem to be infested with them, which is partially the staff’s fault for not taking strict action against them. It is becoming an increasingly hard task to find a restaurant without â€Å"chavs†; it is like trying to find a needle in a haystack-pretty much impossible. They are rude, imperious, riotous hooligans who freely leave behind their exotic, wide collection of litter which includes: Sticky chewing gum, Soft drink cans, cigarette butts and other delightful gifts for the next lucky customer to find. How thoughtful. Even more thoughtful of the staff to leave it festering there for weeks so other customers can experience the delight of sitting on littered seats- Lovely! Away from the annoying people and service, is the preposterous advertising that restaurants air. I challenge you to find a restaurant that doesn’t air ads about how healthy its food is and that it makes up a good diet when in a matter of fact it isn’t. Of course it is a good diet if you wish to live a life crippled with diseases! The food-high in sugar and fat- they sell is highly associated with the condition we all aim to reach: Obesity. Their ads exploit children through the promise of pathetic gimmicks and toys: They manipulate children and harness the power they possess; their â€Å"pestering power†! It seems that they brainwash children to become missionaries from Satan and give their parents horrible headaches until they finally give in and eat at the cursed restaurants. Despite all these reasons I mentioned, some still fail to see just how bad they are thus the restaurants still exist which proves how much of a nuisance they can be. They claim to provide outstanding service which I find unsatisfactory. They air lies, provide the worse service ever, allow complete hooligans to eat in their restaurants and recruit the worse staff possible. I believe that I represent the views of many people when I say that they are over-rated, over-priced and are a rip-off. If they expect us to eat at their restaurants then they must address these pressing issues! Until that happens I’m afraid that more and more people will revert to eating at home instead of at fast food restaurants. As someone who has to have food on the go, I must say I do not blame them- these restaurants need to clean up their act. How to cite Don’t get me started on fast food restaurants, Essays

Case Study Seafarer Kayaks

Question: Discuss about theCase Study for Seafarer Kayaks. Answer: Introduction A company named Seafarer Kayaks is in need of an accountant as their incumbent accountant has met with an accident and cannot perform his tasks until full recovery. All the data of the company will not be available to the accounting firm due to high security. The company is looking for someone who can get the accounting for the company back on track and running until their accountant returns. Also this report seeks to explain the importance of standard costing and why the company need to implement it. The company doesnt recognise the need to implement such system and the importance of product costing for deciding the price. This report is prepared keeping in mind such issues prevailing at Seafarer Kayaks. Brief Description of Product Costing System and its Purpose Product costing is the process of allocating costs to the activities of production and inventory. Product costing is an important process for manufacturers. There are several methods of costing used by manufacturers as per their need for simplicity, accuracy, project tracking, decision making, and project development.Accuracy- It refers to the accuracy with which the company can trace its overheads with the cost of the project and the expense related to inventory(Lacoma , n.d). With the help of product costing analysis the company can get accuracy especially when it comes to variable expenses. It helps in matching the costs with the activities that create value in the business. Project tracking- It refers to the process of allocating budget to the different stages of a project and keeping a vigil over it in order to trace whether the expenses are creating enough value to match the expectations or not. It becomes important to have costing process in any project, without which it will be difficult to analyse cash flows and the success of the project. For greater accuracy, costing can segregate costs among different teams and departments. Decision Making- Every decision made by a project manager revolves around the return on investment and the profit that can be derived out of it. Such decisions cannot be made without ascertaining costs. For example, when using Absorption costing, a project might not look beneficial if it does not add to profits. The same project, when analysed through variable costing, will be accepted as profitable as it might be adding only variable costs and no increase in the fixed costs in the business. Project Development- It means the introduction of several products in the product line of the project. Product costing is extremely useful in adding new products to the existing line or recreating the current products. With the help of costing the manager will be able to assign costs related to specific material, design, features etc. AASB102 pertains to inventories and its valuation. It explains that the value of inventory should be recorded at cost or Net Realisable Value (NRV), whichever is lower. The company must have bifurcation of all the products in order to value the cost of inventory. It means the AASN 102 wants the company to follow the product costing system where they can assign costs related to specific products from the line of products. (Chartered Accountant, 2015) Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured Particulars Amount (in $) Direct Materials used: Opening Inventories 25,000 Purchases 1,20,000 Less: Closing Inventories (24,000) 1,21,000 Direct Labour(850 Direct Labour Hours * $42 per Direct Labour Hour) 35,700 Overheads: Manufacturing Overheads(850 Direct Labour Hours * $63 per Direct Labour Hour) 53,550 Add: Opening Work in Process 8,000 Less: Closing Work in Process (7,500) Cost of Finished Goods manufactured 2,10,750 Schedule of Cost of Goods Sold Particulars Amount (in $) Cost of Finished Goods manufactured for the year 2,10,750 Add: Finished Goods - Opening Stock 12,500 Less: Finished Goods - Closing Stock (13,600) (1,100) Cost of Goods sold (Bragg,2013) 2,09,650 Items excluded from the schedule: Cost Item Amount Administrative (Sales) Salaries $ 24,000 AdvertisingExpense $ 12,000 Depreciation - Sales Office $ 1,800 General Sales Liability Insurance $ 2,400 Sales Manager's Salary $13,000 Travel and Entertainment $14,100 Total $67,300 The above expenses are excluded from the schedules as these are incurred during sales of the products which occur after the manufacturing process is over. The above prepared schedules pertain only to the manufacturing activity. T-Accounts Overhead applied during the year Overheads applied during the year = Direct labour hours * Overhead Rate per DLH = 850 * $63 =$53,550 Total of Actual Indirect/Overhead Costs for the year; Actual Indirect/Overhead costs for the year Particulars Amount in $ Depreciation - Factory Building 6,500 Depreciation - Factory Equipment 8,900 Factory Managers Salary 12,000 Factory Supplies 5,000 Indirect Labour Cost 15,000 Insurance - Factory 5,000 Repairs and Maintenance - Factory 2,500 Land Tax - Factory 2,200 Total 57,100 Over- or under-applied overhead based on the actual versus the applied overhead during the year. Under applied overheads: ii. i. =$57,100 - $53,550 =$3,550 Journal entry to dispose of any imbalance/differences. Journal Entry to dispose the imbalances of under applied overheads: Particulars Debit($) Credit($) Costing Profit and Loss Account 3,550 Manufacturing Overheads 3,550 (Being under absorption of Overheads charged to Costing Profit and Loss Account) Overheads Over- or Under-Applied Indirect costs are referred to as overheads. In Traditional Costing Method, overheads are determined using several drivers which are also used in deciding the price of the product. Any actual overhead is more than the expected/predetermined overhead; it is identified as under absorbed cost. Similarly if any actual overhead is less than the estimated overhead, it is identified as over absorbed cost. Journal entry to eliminate the Over Applied Overhead Particulars Amount Factory Overhead Dr XXXX Cost of Goods Sold Cr XXXX Journal entry to eliminate the under Applied Overhead Particulars Amount Cost of Goods Sold XXXX Factory Overheads XXXX Standard Costing System Standard costing system is an important concept in cost accounting. These are costs associated with the manufacturing concerns direct, indirect and manufacturing overheads. Instead of allocating the real cost of the direct material, managers use standard or estimated costs. It means that the costs of goods sold will reflect estimated and not actual costs of the product. Although the payment is done at actual costs. (Averkamp, n.d) Due to this, there exists a difference in the standard and actual cost. This difference is known as variance. This tool of variance and standard costing is valuable for manufacturing units. The manager will know that the project is not going as per the anticipated route if he finds variance in costing. There are two types of variances: Favourable variances: These occur when the actual costs are lower than standard costs. It means that, if the project continues to perform this way, the profits at the end will be higher than estimated. Unfavourable Variances: These occur when the actual costs are higher than the standard costs. It tells the managements that corrective measures need to be taken to control the costs in order to achieve the desired profit. It is known that Seafarer Kayaks are into manufacturing business. They have a product line to cater needs of kayakers. In order to keep control on the cost of these products, they need to set certain bar/ceiling of expenses. They can set standards to compare actual performance. By doing this, the management will know exactly where the costs are acting beyond anticipation. Such costs, if controlled can lead to decrease in overall cost of the product. Owners of Seafarer Kayaks can make use of the variance tool to measure whether the manufacturing process has favourable or unfavourable variances. Against Normal costing, standard costing offers many features which can be very useful in their business to exercise greater control over cost of product. (Kumar ,2009) References H Averkamp, n.d., Introduction to Standard Costing, [Online], Available at: https://www.accountingcoach.com/standard-costing/explanation, Accessed Date: 16/09/2016 V Kumar V, Oct 2009, Introduction to Standard Costing, [Online], Available at: https://www.svtuition.org/2009/10/importance-of-standard-costing.html, Accessed Date: 16/09/2016 Lacoma T, n.d., The Advantages Product Costing offers in Financial Accounting, [Online], Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-product-costing-offers-financial-accounting-24883.html, Accessed Date: 16/09/2016 Chartered Accountant, Feb 2015, AASB 102 INVENTORIES, [Online], Available at: https://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/Industry-Topics/Reporting/Australian-accounting-standards/Analysis-of-AASB-standards/AASB-102--Inventories?standard=, Accessed Date: 16/09/2016 Cliffnotes, n.d., The Cost of Goods Manufactured Schedule, [Online], Available at: https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/accounting/accounting-principles-ii/managerial-and-cost-accounting-concepts/the-cost-of-goods-manufactured-schedule, Accessed date: 16/09/2016 Bragg S, May 2013, What is a cost of Goods Sold Statement? [Online], Available at: https://www.accountingtools.com/questions-and-answers/what-is-a-cost-of-goods-sold-statement.html, Accessed Date: 16/09/2016

Tuckman and Jensens model of Team Developments

Naturally, groups take a considerable time to develop. It is often quite difficult to specify the period when and where a group may emerge. Thus, group formation relies on size, structural features as well as frequency of interaction. For example, one of the most notable approach and analysis of groups is Tuckman and Jensen model regarding group development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tuckman and Jensens model of Team Developments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The model offers four critical stages of group development namely: forming, storming, norming, and performing. Each of these stages plays a central role in regard to group formation. In essence, two core streams of research as well as theory exist in regard to group development. The principal stream touches on group dynamics while the subsequent stream explores the group problem solving mechanism. However, Tuckman and Jensen have harmonized these tw o streams to a synchronized model of group development. Their approach can be said to have established the scope of group development as a unitary sequence. Hence, it has become the standard of examining group development today. According to the article Stages of Small-Group Development Revisited co-authored by Tuckman and Jensen, it is apparent that other features of group development explored by scholars revolves around a four point tier; orientation, production, dissatisfaction and termination. These four aspects considerably differ from what Tuckman and Jensen offers as the core pillars of group development. Countless reviews on the subject indicate that Tuckman and Jensen models provide a critical understanding of group development. This can be allied to the fact that no group can progress from bottom to the top. They all follow a similar progression model as identified by Tuckman. Though, different scholars have over the time argued against this model, neither iterative approa ch nor linear orders have been proved to be the definite route employed in the course of group development. However, despite the growing dispute in regard to the apposite group development model, Tuckman and Jensen continue to be the most cited researchers on the subject. It is on such an approach that Tuckmans classic has become the core standard of identifying the underlying aspects of group development.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The way Tuckman and Jensen explores and explains the stages encountered in the process of team development offers a critical insight into group model. It is apparent that their argument is etched on simple truth that a group development is a sequential-stage theory. Hence, the massive usage of this observation in attaining positive responses is evident in all major studies ever carried. Though, what Tuckman and Jensen propose is not supporte d by total elucidation of how groups evolves or change over the time but the model remains relevant and useful. The model as is presented offers a solid starting point for undertaking other extreme studies on matters pertaining to team or group development. Looking at the tenets of arguments posed by Tuckman and Jensen, so far no theory whether based on empirical or quantitative approach has disapproved the four aspects identified as the core paths of group development. From managerial approach to parental observation, Tuckman and Jensen model stands as the most viable model that supports favorably linear progression (Tuckman 1965). Hence, on a similar approach the model equally shows that some groups have the tendency to progress through one stage than the others. In regard to other propositions suggested by other scholars it is evident that the addition of such scope as adjourning stage is becoming irrelevant. This is being allied to the manner diverse group’s progresses di fferently through the identified stages. Also on a similar approach Gersick has noted in his article Time and Transition in Work Teams: Toward a New Model of Group Development that groups are fundamental managerial tools (1988). Translating each organization employs groups or teams to handle both simple and complex issues. Thus, the model explained by Tuckman and Jensen provides significant aspects of group development. This is illustrated in the manner they have tackled the dynamics revolving within group development mechanism. Unlike traditional models which provide no substantial light on the group development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tuckman and Jensens model of Team Developments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tuckman and Jensen can be said to have critically explained the dynamics of group formation in regard to unique effective mechanisms which triggers the said developments. Thus, according to t he given argument this established the apposite ground for the model to progress. Tuckman and Jensen model is equally echoed by Hill and Lineback in their article A Good Boss Or a Great One? The authors observe that in group or organization development is propelled by individual growth. Thus exploring the model presented we find that individual management, team management and network management are crucial in regard to group progression (Hill, et al 2011). On both academic and civil scope the model stipulated by Tuckman and Jensen has proved to be both applicable in almost all circumstances. As proved by diverse scholars who have undertaken to examine this model. The scope surrounding the arguments rests with broad scope of understanding the concept and dynamics surrounding group development. The progression of group development rests with the manner the given teams approaches the four models highlighted by Tuckman and Jensen model. However, though the model has since its inception been embraced in all fronts it is not everyone, some social psychologists have come out strongly opposing it. This development can be correlated to the similar treatment any given stage-theory or equally lifespan model faces. The core weakness of the model is cited to be its general approach of generalization. It ought to be noted that in essence no group or team is ever static or straightforward. As is typical with human procedures, any given group has the tendency to move away from the conventional dynamisms allied to stage theories. More so, what the said model doesn’t address is the fact that in some instances the different developing groups may overlap in the course of zeroing in the identified stages. Also the stages identified are not either orderly or linear and this raises a critical question whether the model is useful or valid in regard to group development. In addition the models labels have been misused where they don’t deserve by trainers as well as facil itators. However, the model can be said to be adequately useful and essential for exploring the nature and development of small groups.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All in all, the entire model has demonstrated that groups need cohesion in order to move profoundly among the stages identified. Though, a number of dissimilar challenges may arise but Tuckman and Jensen have shown that group development is a gradual procedure that is set and defined by natural time frames. More so, individual involvement makes group development to be more profound. Thus, the various stages the group undergoes are not in nature simultaneous but gradual as is testified by Tuckman and Jensen model. References Gersick, Connie J. G.(1988) Time and Transition in Work Teams: Toward a New Model of Group Development. Academy of Management journal, 31(1), pp.9-41 Hill, A Linda Lineback, Kent (2011)A Good Boss Or a Great One? Harvard Business Review Tuckman, W Bruce (1965) Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological  Bulletin, 63(6),pp.385. Tuckman, W Bruce Jensen, M Ann (1986)Stages of Small-Group Development  Revisited.ABI/INFORM Global. This essay on Tuckman and Jensens model of Team Developments was written and submitted by user Jovani S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free sample - Overpopulation and its negative consequences. translation missing

Overpopulation and its negative consequences. Overpopulation and its negative consequencesThe United States has been rated as the most populous country after China and India and is estimated to have a population exceeding 265 million. Further, statistics indicate that the country’s population is growing at 2.5 million people per year; hence the United States is one of the world's fastest-growing industrialized nations. For instance, in 1994, there were approximately 3.95 million births versus 2.29 million deaths in the United States, resulting in a net natural increase of nearly 1.7 million. Net immigration therefore stood at approximately 816,000 people. By 2050, the country's population is projected to increase by approximately 130 million people whom critics place as the equivalent of adding another four states the size of California. However, for such an industrialized country, it experiences one of the largest cases of unintended teenage pregnancies indicated by 60 percent of pregnancies and 40 percent of births. The world’s population is currently approximated to be growing at 74 million people every year and projections put forward by the United States indicate that the world’s population shall hit the 9.0 billion mark by the year 2050 assuming the projected decline in fertility rate of 2.65 children per woman shall decline to 2.05. This decline is projected under a comparative analysis since the 1950’s was double this rate at 5 children per woman. The less developed countries such as Uganda, Nigeria and Pakistan are expected to account for the largest quota of 5.3 billion with a world’s population of 7.8 billion. The United States however is an exception to this since it’s expected to grow by 44% from a population of 305 million in the year 2008 to 439 million in 2050. Global life expectancy has also increased from 46 years in 1955 to 65 years in 2000-2005 and is projected to rise to 75 years in 2045-2050. Population increase in more developed countries wil l further be boosted by high immigration rates whereby the net immigration rate is projected at 98 million. Further, deaths are projected to exceed births in developed nations by 73 million by 2050; international immigration shall play a key factor in the net population increase. By 2100, the Unite States population is expected to be at 3,145,049,297. This essay therefore endeavors to show that overpopulation is a major problem in the United States and further discusses its social, economic, political and environmental impact. There are various merits and challenges of overpopulation. The resultant advantages are however few and it has largely been detrimental to various aspects such as the environment. The large population has largely driven consumption and demand for various goods and services higher. This therefore has created a vibrant market which has boosted the country’s economy. Already, demand for beef and grain has reached staggering levels. In fact, the per capita grain consumption in the United States is four times higher than that in less developed nations. Rapid population increase has prompted the growth of megacities and rapid urbanization. By 1800, only 3% of the world’s population lived in cities. 47 percent of the world’s population had already migrated into cities by the twentieth century. In 1950, there were already 83 cities with a combined population exceeding 1 million. In 2007, this had risen to 468 agglomerations. In 2000, there were 18 megacities and conurbations such as New York City with populations exceeding 100 million. Greater Tokyo already has a population of 35 million which exceeds Canada’s entire population. By the year 2025, Asia alone shall have over 10 hyper cities each with a population exceeding 20million such as Jakarta with 24.9 million. Currently, cities the world over hold 3.2 billion of the population which is expected to rise to 5 billion by the year 2030 whereby 3 out of every 5 people are expected to live in cities. In the next 25 years, most melodramatic changes are expected to t ake place in developing countries. This however may not be positive in its totality since cities encourage the rise of shanty towns which are breeding sites for drug addiction, crime, alcoholism coupled with problems such as high unemployment rates, poverty resulting in high child and infant mortality rates and diseases due to poor sanitation, malnutrition and poor basic health care. Currently, one billion people, which is one-sixth of the world's population and a representative of one-third of the overall urban population, lives in shanty towns and is expected to rise as urbanization and the consequent industrialization sets in. There are however multiple challenges resulting from overpopulation. The greatest challenge of them all is the unavailability of adequate fresh water for domestic purposes as well as sewage treatment and effluent discharge. This has prompted nations such as Saudi Arabia to use highly energy-intensive desalination to solve water shortages. The world over, 1 billion people cannot access a clean glass of water every day. This has resulted in the starvation to death of 10 million children and 8 million adults. These water shortages have not been limited to other nations only. Contrary to popular belief of immunity to this critical problem by the United States citizens, various states have experienced water shortages. Atlanta, Georgia has exceeded its water carrying capacity in the past 4 years yet its population is expected to double from the current 8.2 million to 16.4 million. In Florida, wells have been sunk resulting to the environmental hazard of sunk holes. Yet, homes and malls are rapidly being built and the population is expected to double from 18 million to 36 million by the year 2050. This is truly absurd and uncalled for. In Colorado, 11.5 billion gallon annual shortfall is estimated in contrast to a projected population growth of 5-6 million by 2050. Therefore, Colorado’s water resources shall not only be unable to support humans but also animals and crops. In Denver, 2 million residents are expected to settle in the state by 2050.This shall also greatly strain its water resources. However, the State of California shall be worst hit with an addition net population increase of 1700 a day and 400 vehicles a week! The Colorado River is the chief source of water for desert states such as Arizona, Nevada and California but with the projected population growth rates, the environmental impact on this vital water resource shall wipe it out.A strain on natural resources has been documented in a recent study carried out by the United States Geological Surv ey. Deforestation and the loss of ecosystems which sustain the oxygen –carbon dioxide balance has been greatly tampered with. Estimates show that eight million hectares of forest are lost annually the world over. This has ultimately resulted in global warming, the irreversible loss of arable land and desertification. Over 2 billion hectares of arable land have already been lost with a projection of an annual loss of 16 million. In Nigeria alone, 351000 hectares are lost annually due to the expanding population’s activities. Research projects that the United States has lost 90 percent of its northwestern old-growth forests, 50 percent of its wetlands and 99 percent of its tall grass prairie in the last 200 years. Most mass species have become extinct or endangered especially in tropical forests due to human activities such as slash and burn practiced by rapidly expanding rural populations. It is estimated that around 140,000 species are lost annually. An IUCN Red List i ndicates that 717 animal species have become extinct during recorded human history. Fossil fuels have been largely depleted driving energy costs higher. Estimates indicate that 51% of the world’s fossils are used by China and USA. There is a higher contrast in that Americans constitute 5% of the world's population yet they consume 25 % of the world's energy. Pollution has been a key effect resulting from overpopulation. Air, water, soil and noise pollution has risen significantly in the last century. Approximately 39% of rivers, 46% of lakes and 51% of estuaries in the United States are still too polluted for safe fishing or swimming. Pollution caused nearly 20,000 beach closings in 2004, the highest level in 15 years. Already in Florida’s Boynton Beach pollution due to overpopulation has resulted in the demise of the popular Florida coral reefs. This is the United States only continental reef system which extends from Boynton Beach to Delray Beach. This is due to the flushing of water from canals which contains high nitrogen and phosphorous levels from the land and sewage. Therefore, fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides used on lawns, agriculture and golf courses ends up in the water courses. While pollutants such as ammonia may evaporate, they eventually end up in the lake through rain. This results in marine eutrophication since these substances encourage the growth of algae which kills both hard and soft corals. Consequently, tourism has declined by 25 percent. These are the world’s environmental treasures and they deserve to be protected. In 2004, 31 states had statewide fish consumption advisories in place because of toxic pollution. The EPA’s Wadeable Streams Assessment found that 42% of all U.S. stream miles are in poor condition. More than half of those found in the eastern portion of the U.S. and 40% of those in the central region are considered to be in poor condition. According to American Rivers and the website healthyrivers.org, eighty percent of streams contain insecticides, drugs, or other chemicals. During 2002 and 2003, in just Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota and Missouri, pollution in rivers and streams killed 3.5 million fish. The numbers of miles of rivers containing fish that may be harmful due to pollution, increased from 2% to 14% from 1993 to 2001. Waterborne germs and p arasites cause an estimated 7.1 million mild-to-moderate cases of infectious disease in the U.S. annually. Every year more than 1.2 trillion gallons of untreated sewage, storm water and industrial waste are discharged into U.S. waters.   The Environmental Defense Fund reports that 80% of the cancer risks from air pollutants nationwide are from mobile transportation sources. As cities and suburbs continue to grow at record pace, pollution emitted by commuters will only grow worse. About 70 percent of the heavy construction equipment used in California in 2005 was old enough not to have to face any emission control regulations, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists. In 2004, fine particle pollution exceeded the annual and daily national health standard at air quality monitors in 55 small, mid-sized, and large metropolitan areas located in 21 states and home to 96 million people. Therefore, overpopulation, as a way to curb pollution, needs to be taken care of. Finally, governing an overpopulated country presents a load of problems. Since the economy is stretched to the breaking point, civil wars are likely to break out over farmland. These wars lead to underdevelopment since industrialization and urbanization is greatly neglected. The government has to sell vital fossil fuels at cheap prices to raise cash in order to cover rising national debts. In Queensland, Australia, the politics of overpopulation are already boiling over. In the United States, numerous campaigns and awareness programs have already started which are also putting pressure on the government to act on overpopulation. Overpopulation is therefore a major problem in The United States and the world over. Man does not need land for standing on only as this may be the case by 2100. Major steps such as birth control, economic incentives such as those successfully implemented in China whereby women with less than 2 children are rewarded, removing tax write-offs for large families and employing birth control and family planning methods should be put in place. This shall go a long way in ensuring that Mother Earth is able to sustain her population in coming years.

Politcal Science 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Politcal Science 2 - Essay Example These include paints, plastics, synthetic fibers and rubber, fertilizers and others. Their production involves the use of oil. Truly, if oil were no longer available, the economies of the industrial nations would grind to a halt in a matter of months! Even serious shortages would be severely damaging, as has been evidenced by what has happened since the Arab lands have cut down the amount of oil they were supplying other nations. First of all, is the world's supply of oil running out No, there is not really a shortage of oil on this planet, as of now. True, if present usage continues, someday it could conceivably run out. But that is not the case now, for proved reserves are more than enough for the industrial nations for quite a few years yet. However, there is indeed an oil crisis. One reason centers on the availability of the oil. In some places it is being used faster than new oil can be pumped out of the ground and refined into its various products. Any nation that uses more oil than it produces will have a problem. And the world is using it so fast that at times it has trouble getting enough from various sources. This leads to the more fundamental problem: the largest oil users are often the ones that do not have large supplies within their borders. They are more often 'oil poor,' not having enough reserves within the ground that they can tap.

Jury Decision-making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jury Decision-making - Case Study Example After the authenticity of DNA evidence had been proved, many judgements have been overturned and one such famous case is The Case of the Winchester Three, (1990) where three Irish people were sentenced for 25 years of imprisonment for the murder of Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Tom King. Eye witnesses had spotted them in the crime scene and they had money, a second hand car, a radio, a woolly hat, a list of prominent British people and also had false name driving licences. Jury relied on eye witness evidence and any reasonable jury could do so and in this case it eventually proved to be a miscarriage of justice. Even though it was not Actus reus, it was easy to convince the jury. "An eyewitness who has no motive to lie is a powerful form of evidence for jurors, especially if the eyewitness appears to be highly confident about his or her recollection. In the absence of definitive proof to the contrary, the eyewitness's account is generally accepted by police, prosecutors, j udges, and juries" says Wells (2006). Wells and Loftus (1984, p. 1), mention the bewildering case of Robert Dillen, a freelance photographer, who was charged with indecent exposure for relieving himself in the park bushes, after ascertaining that the public lavatory was locked. Unfortunately, his photo was published and identified by many eye witnesses as the man who conducted rape, armed robbery, kidnapping etc. in various cases. Fortunately, his strong alibis and the weakness of eye witnesses convinced the jury otherwise, and he was released every time. This shows that people can feel convinced that they saw the accused and they are absolutely sure that even a lie test fails to point out. Psychological studies have proved that it is possible to convince a person that he has witnessed something that had never happened. A confluence of memory combined with complexly operating socially influential alternatives could be responsible in eye witnessing errors and courts should consider them from every angle. "The eight factors that have been shown to affect identification accuracy, disguise of robber, weapon focus, violence of robbery, retention interval, exposure, to mug shots, biased line-up instructions, line-up size, and fairness of the line-up, had trivial effects on probability ratings and on verdicts" Culter et al (1988). Sometimes eyewitness confidence and accuracy are very poorly related and the memory of the face that could go through changes in the mind of the witness, and this shows that vibrant psychological effects are behind eyewitness evidence. Cultler concludes one of his researches: "This research provides some justification for admitting expert psychological testimony on eyewitness identification. The juror apparently does not evaluate eyewitness memory in a manner consistent with psychological theory and findings." Cutler (1990). In one of his researches, Kassin concludes: "Clearly, participants distinguished between a voluntary and coerced confession. Yet at the same time, the presence of any confession powerfully increased the conviction rate-even when it was seen as coerced, even when

Global E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global E-commerce - Essay Example The smallest unit of Bitcoin is Satoshi wherein 100 million Satoshi are there in 1 Bitcoin. The supply of Bitcoin has the limit of 21 million which is equal to 2100 trillion Satoshi. The current supply is 57% of the total which is equivalent 12 million Bitcoins. The public history with regards to transactions is experiencing upgrades at a continuous rate and also verified by the miners who can gather new transactions in different blocks and attach these blocks at the end of the chain called the block chain. Every single movement of the Satoshi is been tracked right from the first owner to the present owner. This helps in preventing fraud as the customer is aware of the number of Bitcoins he or she wants to spend on a particular transaction. Bitcoin as a medium of exchange is different from the transactions done in other exchanges. Bitcoin gained popularity among the companies that were involved with the facilities of Bitcoin ecosystem. In addition, Bitcoin has provided different soft ware like Bitpay to the merchants and has also absorbed FX volatility risk by giving a guarantee towards a successful transaction undertaken at the right exchange rates and also in making bank payments. From 2013, the company started making significant developments and changes to the start up so as to improve the process and also make it more users friendly for the customers for easy transactions. This report is an exclusive study about the importance of ecommerce and how it helps in creating a good business for the company especially in creating a good brand image. The way ecommerce is done using different platforms and how it benefits both the company and the customers can be seen in a wide and descriptive manner. The importance of ecommerce and the performance of ecommerce for Bitcoin will be analysed in comparison with FOREX.com which is a global leader in foreign exchange and provides contract for different individuals who makes transactions while trading